E1 Borehole: "Darwin was right!"
Image by Darkroom Daze
Rediscovery in 1976 of the USGS E1 borehole site (1952) on Medren [Parry] Island, Enewetak atoll, in the northern Marshalls, Pacific Ocean.
This is the borehole which first proved Charles Darwin's prediction (1835, 1837, 1842, 1874) correct, that oceanic coral atolls are founded on subsiding volcanic foundations. Borehole reached olivine basalt at 4158ft (1267m) depth. The United States Geological Survey (USGS) drilled this borehole as part of their survey of the atoll in connection with nuclear testing. (Strictly, this borehole proved that Darwin was right for at least this one atoll, but this has also been corroborated for other atolls elsewhere.)
The borehole was found by a search party which I had organized. Most of the search party had been taking part in a coral taxonomy workshop being held at the Mid-Pacific Marine Laboratory on the neighbouring island of the atoll. On an afternoon off from the workshop, we went to try and find the site of the borehole, using records held at the lab and the personal recollections of Bill Morgan (Holmes & Nader), who had been present at the drilling. Bill Morgan led the search on Medren itself.
I had hastily prepared this temporary commemorative placard ("Darwin was right!") beforehand, in the event of us finding the drill hole. The placard shows a cartoon of Darwin's theory with (from L-R) an initial volcano with a fringing reef, then the subsiding volcanic remnant with a barrier reef around it, and finally a completely hidden volcanic foundation with an atoll above it.
FOR FURTHER INFORMATION:
About the search party:
www.flickr.com/photos/brize/3706858774/in/set-72157621056...
References:
- Darwin, C. R. 1835. Coral Islands. CUL-DAR41.1-12 transcribed and edited by D. R. Stoddart. Atoll Research Bulletin 88, 1-20.
- Darwin, C. R. 1837. On certain areas of elevation and subsidence in the Pacific and Indian oceans, as deduced from the study of coral formations. [Read 31 May] Proceedings of the Geological Society of London 2, 552-554.
- Darwin, C. R. 1842. The structure and distribution of coral reefs. Being the first part of the geology of the voyage of the Beagle, under the command of Capt. Fitzroy, R.N. during the years 1832 to 1836. London: Smith Elder and Co.
- Darwin, C. R. 1874. The structure and distribution of coral reefs, 2nd edn. London: Smith Elder and Co.
- Rosen, Brian. 1982. Darwin, coral reefs, and global geology. BioScience 32, 519-525. darwin-online.org.uk/content/frameset?viewtype=text&i...
Published statements that this particular placard was placed here by USGS geologists, or by others working with them at the time of the drillings, are incorrect. Nor is there any record known to me that they or anyone else at that time, or since, placed any similar placard here with the same or similar inscription (though the possibility cannot be ruled out).
[Scanned from Kodak transparency]
Happy New Year 2010
Image by SanforaQ8
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** The Fireworks by Chance.
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Vinyeta // Comic Panel
Image by ~Oryctes~
Avui volia provar alguna cosa nova. Aquest és el primer resultat que he obtingut seguint aquest tutorial per al Gimp.
Encara queden alguns detalls per polir, però crec que he captat la idea.
D'acord. No es pot dir que sigui exactament una foto, però la veritat és que m'ho he passat pipa editant-la.
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Today I wanted to try something different. This is the first result I got following this tutorial for the Gimp.
There are some details left to polish, but I think I got the idea.
Alright, this may not be called a photo, but I had a lot of fun editing it.
See where this picture was taken. [?]
Foto ampliada
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